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Thu, 15 Sep 2022 03:00:27 -0700 (PDT) Received: from [10.0.0.3] ([207.244.201.197]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id fc13-20020a05622a488d00b0035a6b89412bsm3278979qtb.46.2022.09.15.03.00.26 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Thu, 15 Sep 2022 03:00:26 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Re: [gentoo-user] Separate /usr partition To: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org References: <5874509.lOV4Wx5bFT@wstn> <20220914230945.489ac907@digimed.co.uk> <12071369.O9o76ZdvQC@wstn> From: Dale Openpgp: preference=signencrypt Autocrypt: addr=rdalek1967@gmail.com; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata= mQINBGFSciYBEADcEGMyJBSuavKO/XKUVvgkxck7Nl8Iuu8N2lcnRji/rSKg5c1Acix1ll9i oW8JBCHwvn0+Xy60BvEsqcup3YSHw5STl/bR1ePEehtnYrg8FdjdS91+B805RfnKMm69rFVI wLSBHQrSG1yxHd8CloWoEdhmVtP24buajbh114bgXd9ahtpZrCVMrWdWYUg2mEXguGV5uNAh Rf8SWxDNc79w24JxsV34a8niMUYMjzWr0rafIbzk732X38vGjVMLo/2mMpkbp9mPp++LHoY+ 0Pet8zxxdXPJSCd475kza1AD+hhSyBZXB9yknYWgyY3cZe1rGmooJSi2KX4QxO7npwLThcO1 be6KKRkd35+Fi/a1BzVOHsZMiK/gcwxEFoMd27gir4ehaeHJfFXl+65w4hj0EsOZSxrJrm2C R50g5By2czSKP1bADEygFNpIJj51AR+wM88NImG2RPtlT2maYBzazvF05g65cdHXGp1C7W5P wwwKU2DgABB2t7N7z5A69LnryBRw4zUYDRRYLTYlBlYgg+xILm2c0OrBdxJgLJa7JE50Eo25 d3PFwt9J0gYvqy6sPFLl9So0sDg9zm0hKQtXOP5kgropUFGrNoJI+mjwF4rYLRBVzZwNAvlO OhEvHubBo3mEllv4x+FeptwXZxlk7gUsdqI8AxnFB8K9wi6FVQARAQABtBtEYWxlIDxyZGFs ZWsxOTY3QGdtYWlsLmNvbT6JAk4EEwEIADgCGyMFCwkIBwIGFQoJCAsCBBYCAwECHgECF4AW IQQSG1h01ruv/WNXc3Q3RqOgiQH1GwUCYVJy8gAKCRA3RqOgiQH1G+waEACeTZCt77jnRAmQ AV7otKuZekDWiLi3Eig8tj5ZJiCNSYA/hIxzmexRP0GMqjitcXK1iGwWcvMzzvIq30GAjIfB 4BR38cnXbtBa6fNewiT7QaZe/Hn6yBRldXNQypzbHy+/o27bUEy+oX4rE7etUgEHQAjuw7xz XFWg4tH1/KJvsOVY5upnWc5LdxYhsuQ3dQD4b22GsK0pOBDfb9PiirYM8eGKvrVuq4E/c75z lDDFhINl18lNZ9D0ZFL3IkTjHsAAqFH9uhnnEB8CWdHbBewPEfRaOhBUYWZ3Q8uTkmDgZT8q D9jlvLEdw7Nh2ApdxoepnI/4D+ql2Gr4DtH7SEPydr5gcf1Qr/2bXRb1hAYnIVcbncs/Bm3Z bkRKPVWMfE3Fusa+p5hMzixk0YysMaTHlc7mYRYAEZGnPMXnmcCbetwARU7A0yz1M1kCMOAQ Lsz8KH5kv3cRenMB6SFfjND2JfAK61H5TtnPq3L8noS2ZykRYxq9Nm3X64O1tJojIKBoZFr8 AwYNCvqC6puUyGMuzHPh7jPof8glfrrEKIYUvNPGMDoVX3IGetxh/9l6NcxgFA4JGoR+LS3C zmeNrwlllAe3OEUfKoWVQ+pagpSdM+8hHolaSda4Ys66Z3fCR4ZvcTqfhTAVskpqdXa4isAk 7vTcXu3L499ttywEp7rJTbkCDQRhUnImARAAncUdVhmtRr59zqpTUppKroQYlzR0jv8oa7DG K4gakTAT2N7evnI9wpssmzyVk8VEiLzhnFQ/Ol3FRt6hZCXDJt0clyHOyTfvz/MNFttWuZTc mLpSvmRR6VRjAH+Tz3Eam2xUw3PGuH97BcXQ3NnX3msv1UDxtxxBu6e2YrdeOhrCUSgzokcJ 98ChUNy934cgepPybAI12lSWqVFQ1aG7jExZfiUk+333fPSDbpKoZbTW5YJLXbycmW/C1IWL qYQyNjRWKaGoJtUWFhhmNiOQct7n90aKivNVPavmN+UQ9LlMaINtf9T6XCzLfogCFsulDCDJ 0yNQLDTurHaB4E71xoctgXmLLq9z1RQ0W2XiVAAOZQj6K3+d0AOUjDhCQ2QW8dUSq0ckkZXV DKVJOGS8Nhf2eIWIqRnP3AcUiiaiFGqUaVUmUAZ6h/oJmgghEu/1S+pcuUKU5i69+XCZ3hH2 Jzwzbf7K+FAIkOhCfHncF8i1N1pk00pOVykNnqHTfFo3qFusHt0ZWgXVnnn4pYdXqZNoDhvF BRE5Vm4k/k96Pw8HRx6Os6eFSRrlqGzRgqsu86FekxusXB9UGv4lJhtU/J+8MRWsh22K718s DbQnABicGKFz1qQlWvcf59oTByhLINJCBt1WXl+TzJDXepr3QSkqmK41dO9Hob97C9dMiK8A EQEAAYkCNgQYAQgAIAIbDBYhBBIbWHTWu6/9Y1dzdDdGo6CJAfUbBQJhUnLyAAoJEDdGo6CJ AfUbVHIQAKSWw620vPhR3A/njU2z77F3z/Jk+HTKdE3fIyWSWdkYN7CBFL0NguOMP30WZ+qE sJhZu7T5hf251MwQUUt27xlfnKYOmQs7CqONlXuXlGZI6WufrUjxNcVz+5gJsqvUWuuJWsgg sDmE92IBnfG/f81fPHWQyfr/SF4wYDMyoFp5xCCQpp1zB63iuFvvrhxBkEHzmbRtVDOhl0Xp BVEDR1w3QRACw9QJD/KM05Czv9JNQYlwinWO/OaQ9cMlUpKLgswUPg9IZ5vucxScfuAUA5uC B1jlAQ8ZPlVukBmbEv5RGOv+lpuEbA3YDMVtEeH4YMFbjt/+vH3Cr2vTbp5JlpByLburJEH0 WXZLUawEfUsZvVwpOuJK75vaa2HYXee+Cb3iCIzwfIfctdlqzUcbGRczlRNM59hpvj4z29Gh 3kAxVHItAYq54ikxQ9l4hQ8s9sLYPbX/WtcBxNX8crBSw0FLnmzGleVEtBHyqtt5CLzQNgrj GYWl1vKDUmRPw1CdZ1c+fMN9CY11jOM5B5ZnqZWfDeVYO2iJ5SuvTycChexCb8WYn1bdCBIo bBtga2RBXbVt4Mh9E4owsszefn51MwfjXxB20Fc5k3GU1AVpTCMs3ayYCzo0b2pvEvdjtDcA CYLEFPWgaFX9iQAM/CDfKvTtvgGWpqtCL2raq/mQoJEU Message-ID: Date: Thu, 15 Sep 2022 05:00:25 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0 SeaMonkey/2.53.13 Precedence: bulk List-Post: List-Help: List-Unsubscribe: List-Subscribe: List-Id: Gentoo Linux mail X-BeenThere: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org Reply-to: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org X-Auto-Response-Suppress: DR, RN, NRN, OOF, AutoReply MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <12071369.O9o76ZdvQC@wstn> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Archives-Salt: 6692d5f9-38f0-4df7-9fb3-1fee6db8fa70 X-Archives-Hash: bf5027ff5a668cc5f1975303f2fc619e Peter Humphrey wrote: > On Wednesday, 14 September 2022 23:09:59 BST Neil Bothwick wrote: >> On Wed, 14 Sep 2022 16:50:45 +0100, Peter Humphrey wrote: >>> I'm thinking of separating /usr onto its own partition so that I can >>> have it mounted read-only except while updating it. I'd prefer not to >>> have to make an init thingy, not having needed one up to now. Besides, >>> some machines have things like early-ucode or amd-uc. >> Most of this has already been answered, except for your final point. You >> can load more than one initrd at boot, so you can still apply microcode >> updates. For example, with systemd-boot >> >> title Desktop >> version 5.15.59-gentoo >> linux /vmlinuz-5.15.59-gentoo >> options root=LABEL=blah blah >> initrd /amd-uc.img >> initrd /initramfs-5.15.59-gentoo.img >> >> I use dracut to create the initrd, which is so straighforward even Dale >> can't break it ;-) > :) > > That seems to be the way to go then - even dinosaurs die out in the end. > Perhaps Dale will show us the command he referred to. > > Thank you all for your help. > As I said, I do all mine by hand.  I don't use make install etc.  After I build my kernel, I copy it and name it something like this, from /boot. root@fireball / # ls -al /boot/kernel* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11638944 Nov 30  2021 /boot/kernel-5.10.46-2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11863664 Feb 18  2022 /boot/kernel-5.14.15-2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11881040 Aug  6 18:00 /boot/kernel-5.14.15-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12128016 Jun 30 20:00 /boot/kernel-5.18.7-1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11167744 Nov 30  2021 /boot/kernel-5.6.7-1 root@fireball / # I basically put the version and at times a dash number on the end.  Sometimes "-1" may work but I add a driver or something and the next is -2, the next -3 etc.  For -3 above, I added a driver for a new network card as a example.  Sometimes I clean out older dashed versions.  Point is, it needs to start with kernel and go from there.  You may have a different way of naming them.  I think grub just looks for it to start with kernel.  Once I get that done, I then build the init thingy.  This is Neil's command that he posted.  From my understanding, the kernel symlink needs to point to the correct kernel version.  dracut --kver=$(cat include/config/kernel.release) That gives a init thingy with a somewhat generic name.  I then rename it to match the kernel, looks something like this from /boot. root@fireball / # ls -al /boot/initramfs* -rw------- 1 root root 9310818 Nov 30  2021 /boot/initramfs-5.10.46-2.img -rw------- 1 root root 9093386 Nov 13  2021 /boot/initramfs-5.14.15-2.img -rw------- 1 root root 9485412 Aug  6 18:01 /boot/initramfs-5.14.15-3.img -rw------- 1 root root 9117155 Jun 30 22:57 /boot/initramfs-5.18.7-1.img -rw------- 1 root root 9310789 Nov 30  2021 /boot/initramfs-5.6.7-1.img root@fireball / # Once you get the two things to match, kernel and initramfs, then when you update grub, it will match them together and create the needed entries.  I think at one point, I had one init for each kernel version without the dash part.  I can't recall how I did that tho.  To update grub, I use this command.  grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg I actually put it in a file in /root and just run it.  I just named it grub-update.  That way I don't have to remember the option part. ;-)  When it runs, just make sure it sees the kernel and a matching initramfs.  It usually lists them in order.  I don't update kernels that often.  If you do it more often, others will have more automated ways to do things.  They may use make install and other things that makes it a lot faster.  I do it this way because it is not something I have to do often and I always get a good result.  Plus, I keep the ones I know work well.  It's been a while but I think Neil may have a more automated process.  Heck, if he shares his step by step, I may convert.  LOL  I don't think I left anything out.  :/ Dale :-)  :-)