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Mon, 29 Aug 2022 17:58:49 -0700 (PDT) Received: from [10.0.0.2] ([207.244.201.197]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d19-20020ac81193000000b0031f0b43629dsm6045048qtj.23.2022.08.29.17.58.49 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 29 Aug 2022 17:58:49 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Re: [gentoo-user] Getting maximum space out of a hard drive To: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org References: <6f3feff2-eac9-f6ec-4a3c-c511cf469603@gmail.com> <6e3ee99d-46da-4cdf-93ed-838591a50f67@users.sourceforge.net> <12905e2c-f3ad-b7b9-78e1-4604e38f8a8e@gmail.com> <01915166-1963-62c6-4184-bdb66bb1ac77@gmail.com> From: Dale Openpgp: preference=signencrypt Autocrypt: addr=rdalek1967@gmail.com; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata= mQINBGFSciYBEADcEGMyJBSuavKO/XKUVvgkxck7Nl8Iuu8N2lcnRji/rSKg5c1Acix1ll9i oW8JBCHwvn0+Xy60BvEsqcup3YSHw5STl/bR1ePEehtnYrg8FdjdS91+B805RfnKMm69rFVI wLSBHQrSG1yxHd8CloWoEdhmVtP24buajbh114bgXd9ahtpZrCVMrWdWYUg2mEXguGV5uNAh Rf8SWxDNc79w24JxsV34a8niMUYMjzWr0rafIbzk732X38vGjVMLo/2mMpkbp9mPp++LHoY+ 0Pet8zxxdXPJSCd475kza1AD+hhSyBZXB9yknYWgyY3cZe1rGmooJSi2KX4QxO7npwLThcO1 be6KKRkd35+Fi/a1BzVOHsZMiK/gcwxEFoMd27gir4ehaeHJfFXl+65w4hj0EsOZSxrJrm2C R50g5By2czSKP1bADEygFNpIJj51AR+wM88NImG2RPtlT2maYBzazvF05g65cdHXGp1C7W5P wwwKU2DgABB2t7N7z5A69LnryBRw4zUYDRRYLTYlBlYgg+xILm2c0OrBdxJgLJa7JE50Eo25 d3PFwt9J0gYvqy6sPFLl9So0sDg9zm0hKQtXOP5kgropUFGrNoJI+mjwF4rYLRBVzZwNAvlO OhEvHubBo3mEllv4x+FeptwXZxlk7gUsdqI8AxnFB8K9wi6FVQARAQABtBtEYWxlIDxyZGFs ZWsxOTY3QGdtYWlsLmNvbT6JAk4EEwEIADgCGyMFCwkIBwIGFQoJCAsCBBYCAwECHgECF4AW IQQSG1h01ruv/WNXc3Q3RqOgiQH1GwUCYVJy8gAKCRA3RqOgiQH1G+waEACeTZCt77jnRAmQ AV7otKuZekDWiLi3Eig8tj5ZJiCNSYA/hIxzmexRP0GMqjitcXK1iGwWcvMzzvIq30GAjIfB 4BR38cnXbtBa6fNewiT7QaZe/Hn6yBRldXNQypzbHy+/o27bUEy+oX4rE7etUgEHQAjuw7xz XFWg4tH1/KJvsOVY5upnWc5LdxYhsuQ3dQD4b22GsK0pOBDfb9PiirYM8eGKvrVuq4E/c75z lDDFhINl18lNZ9D0ZFL3IkTjHsAAqFH9uhnnEB8CWdHbBewPEfRaOhBUYWZ3Q8uTkmDgZT8q D9jlvLEdw7Nh2ApdxoepnI/4D+ql2Gr4DtH7SEPydr5gcf1Qr/2bXRb1hAYnIVcbncs/Bm3Z bkRKPVWMfE3Fusa+p5hMzixk0YysMaTHlc7mYRYAEZGnPMXnmcCbetwARU7A0yz1M1kCMOAQ Lsz8KH5kv3cRenMB6SFfjND2JfAK61H5TtnPq3L8noS2ZykRYxq9Nm3X64O1tJojIKBoZFr8 AwYNCvqC6puUyGMuzHPh7jPof8glfrrEKIYUvNPGMDoVX3IGetxh/9l6NcxgFA4JGoR+LS3C zmeNrwlllAe3OEUfKoWVQ+pagpSdM+8hHolaSda4Ys66Z3fCR4ZvcTqfhTAVskpqdXa4isAk 7vTcXu3L499ttywEp7rJTbkCDQRhUnImARAAncUdVhmtRr59zqpTUppKroQYlzR0jv8oa7DG K4gakTAT2N7evnI9wpssmzyVk8VEiLzhnFQ/Ol3FRt6hZCXDJt0clyHOyTfvz/MNFttWuZTc mLpSvmRR6VRjAH+Tz3Eam2xUw3PGuH97BcXQ3NnX3msv1UDxtxxBu6e2YrdeOhrCUSgzokcJ 98ChUNy934cgepPybAI12lSWqVFQ1aG7jExZfiUk+333fPSDbpKoZbTW5YJLXbycmW/C1IWL qYQyNjRWKaGoJtUWFhhmNiOQct7n90aKivNVPavmN+UQ9LlMaINtf9T6XCzLfogCFsulDCDJ 0yNQLDTurHaB4E71xoctgXmLLq9z1RQ0W2XiVAAOZQj6K3+d0AOUjDhCQ2QW8dUSq0ckkZXV DKVJOGS8Nhf2eIWIqRnP3AcUiiaiFGqUaVUmUAZ6h/oJmgghEu/1S+pcuUKU5i69+XCZ3hH2 Jzwzbf7K+FAIkOhCfHncF8i1N1pk00pOVykNnqHTfFo3qFusHt0ZWgXVnnn4pYdXqZNoDhvF BRE5Vm4k/k96Pw8HRx6Os6eFSRrlqGzRgqsu86FekxusXB9UGv4lJhtU/J+8MRWsh22K718s DbQnABicGKFz1qQlWvcf59oTByhLINJCBt1WXl+TzJDXepr3QSkqmK41dO9Hob97C9dMiK8A EQEAAYkCNgQYAQgAIAIbDBYhBBIbWHTWu6/9Y1dzdDdGo6CJAfUbBQJhUnLyAAoJEDdGo6CJ AfUbVHIQAKSWw620vPhR3A/njU2z77F3z/Jk+HTKdE3fIyWSWdkYN7CBFL0NguOMP30WZ+qE sJhZu7T5hf251MwQUUt27xlfnKYOmQs7CqONlXuXlGZI6WufrUjxNcVz+5gJsqvUWuuJWsgg sDmE92IBnfG/f81fPHWQyfr/SF4wYDMyoFp5xCCQpp1zB63iuFvvrhxBkEHzmbRtVDOhl0Xp BVEDR1w3QRACw9QJD/KM05Czv9JNQYlwinWO/OaQ9cMlUpKLgswUPg9IZ5vucxScfuAUA5uC B1jlAQ8ZPlVukBmbEv5RGOv+lpuEbA3YDMVtEeH4YMFbjt/+vH3Cr2vTbp5JlpByLburJEH0 WXZLUawEfUsZvVwpOuJK75vaa2HYXee+Cb3iCIzwfIfctdlqzUcbGRczlRNM59hpvj4z29Gh 3kAxVHItAYq54ikxQ9l4hQ8s9sLYPbX/WtcBxNX8crBSw0FLnmzGleVEtBHyqtt5CLzQNgrj GYWl1vKDUmRPw1CdZ1c+fMN9CY11jOM5B5ZnqZWfDeVYO2iJ5SuvTycChexCb8WYn1bdCBIo bBtga2RBXbVt4Mh9E4owsszefn51MwfjXxB20Fc5k3GU1AVpTCMs3ayYCzo0b2pvEvdjtDcA CYLEFPWgaFX9iQAM/CDfKvTtvgGWpqtCL2raq/mQoJEU Message-ID: Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 16:28:55 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0 SeaMonkey/2.53.13 Precedence: bulk List-Post: List-Help: List-Unsubscribe: List-Subscribe: List-Id: Gentoo Linux mail X-BeenThere: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org Reply-to: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org X-Auto-Response-Suppress: DR, RN, NRN, OOF, AutoReply MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Archives-Salt: 0f407e21-8da3-488a-8886-7c7a57ee94ed X-Archives-Hash: 497444ffb535bb65ac609a595bf1af9a Frank Steinmetzger wrote: > Am Mon, Aug 29, 2022 at 12:49:56AM -0500 schrieb Dale: > >>> I run a raspi with some basic services, most importantly a pihole DNS filter >>> and a PIM server. But I find it hacky-patchy with its flimsy USB power cable >>> poking out of the side. I’d prefer a more sturdy construction, which is why >>> I bought a NAS-style PC (zotac zbox nano with a passive 6 W Celeron). But >>> that thing is so fast for every-day computing that I actually put a KDE >>> system on it and now I don’t want to “downgrade” it to a mere server. >> I googled that little guy and that is a pretty neat little machine.  >> Basically it is a tiny puter but really tiny, just not tiny on >> features.  The Zotac systems, even some older ones, are pretty nifty.  I >> think I read they have a ITX mobo which is really compact. > ITX (or rather miniITX) is 17×17 cm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-ITX > Those NUC-types are much smaller. I don’t quite know whether that board form > factor has a name of its own (aside from NUC, but that’s a marketing name > from Intel). > >> It sort of reminds me of a cell phone.  Small but fast CPUs, some even >> have decent amounts of ram so they can handle quite a lot.  Never heard of >> this thing before.  I wouldn't mind having one of those to work as my >> OpenVPN server thingy.  I'd just need to find one that has 2 ethernet >> ports and designed for that sort of task.  > Many of the ZBoxes have dual NICs, which is what makes them very popular > among server and firewall hackers because they are also very frugal. My > particular model is the CI331: > https://www.zotac.com/us/product/mini_pcs/zbox-ci331-nano-barebone > It has one 2,5″ slot and one undocumented SATA M.2 which can only be reached > by breaking the warranty seal. That’s where zotac installs a drive if you > buy a zbox with Winblows pre-installed. > > After updating the BIOS, which allowed the CPU to enter lower C states, it > draws 6 W on idle. It’s not a record, but still not so much for a 24/7 x86 > system. I was looking for one with two ethernet ports but wasn't having any luck yet.  I did find and download like a catalog thing but it will take a while to dig through it.  They have a lot of models for different purposes.  I did see a pre-made thing on ebay but can't recall the brand that cost hundreds that was made just for VPNs and such.  It was really pricey tho.  But, you plug it in, boot it up and it had evrything installed and then some to control networks traffic.  It had stuff I never heard of.  I notice that several are made for home theater devices.  That's pretty neat too.  >>>> I have a old computer that I might could use.  It is 4 core something >>>> and I think it has 4GBs of memory, maxed out.  I think it will perform >>>> well enough but wish it had a little more horses in it. >>> An Intel Celeron from the Haswell generation (i.e. 8+ years old) did not >>> have AES-NI yet, and it reached around 160 MB/s encryption speed. I tried >>> it, because I had dealings with those processors in the past before I built >>> my own NAS. Your old tech may still be usable, but please also consider >>> power cost and its impact on the environment if it runs 24/7. >> I'm not real sure what that old machine has.  I have Linux, can't recall >> the distro tho, on it.  Is there a way to find out if it supports the >> needed things? > cat /proc/cpuinfo and look for aes or the like. Or enter the processor name > into wikipedia, which will redirect you to the “List of processors by > ” with huge tables of comparision and general info on an > architecture’s improvements over its predecessor, like AES. I have booted that old thing up and I grepped cpuinfo and no AES that I could see or grep could find.  Must be before it's time.  While I had it booted up, I checked into what all it did have.  It only has 4 SATA ports, one already used for the OS hard drive.  I could likely run it from a USB stick which would make all 4 available.  It has 8GBs of memory too.  CPU is a AMD Phenom 9750 Quad running at 2.4GHz.  I found it add that cpuinfo showed a different speed I think.  I'll check it again later. Maybe I misread it.  It's not a speedster or anything but I may can do something with it.  It also has two old PCI slots and one that I'm pretty sure is a PCIex16 for like a video card but it has a built in one already.  To add more SATA ports, I'd have to use the faster slot really made for video cards.  Guess it would work but.  Also, it only has a 100MB ethernet port.  Fairly slow but I'm not going to expect a lot of hard drive speed either.  >>>> I may use actual NAS software too. >>> What is “actual NAS software”? Do you mean a NAS distribution? From my >>> understanding, those distros install the usual services (samba, ftp, etc.) >>> and develop a nice web frontend for it. But since those are web >>> applications, there isn’t much to be gained from march=native. >> I've seen TrueNAS, OpenNas I think and others.  Plus some just use >> Ubuntu or something.  Honestly, almost any linux distro with no or a >> minimal GUI would work.  > OK, but then you don’t run those on Gentoo. And those NAS distros are so > small and light-weight, they can be run from a USB stick if you so choose. > My NAS’s mainboard has a USB-A socket on-board for that reason. I downloaded several but plan to look at FreeNAS first.  Just see what it looks like.  Pretty sure it is BSD based.  >>>>   I'm sure Gentoo would work to with proper tweaking but then I need to >>>> deal with compiling things.  Of course, no libreoffice or anything big so >>>> it may not be to bad.  Thing is, the NAS software will likely be more >>>> efficient since it is designed for the purpose.  >>> More efficient than what? Bigger system with lots of software running and using even more power, some of which may not even be needed.  >> I figure something like OpenNAS or TrueNAS would work better as it is >> built to be user friendly and has tools by default to manage things.  > Yeah, I was thinking of using one of those, too. But I liked the idea of > being more flexible with some ZFS voodoo which the web interfaces won’t > allow. Like creating a downgraded pool because I don’t have enough HDDs, filling > that up and adding the missing disk later. Sometimes I wish for the bigger > ease of use of a web interface. > >> I'm pretty sure they support RAID and such by default.  It is likely set >> up to make setting it up easier too.  > They do, naturally. And yes, the frontends hide lots of the gory details. > That's my thinking since RAID, ZFS and such are new to me.  Of course, front ends do take away a lot of fine controls too, usually.  Dale :-)  :-)