From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from lists.gentoo.org (pigeon.gentoo.org [208.92.234.80]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by finch.gentoo.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 67492158020 for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2022 06:20:12 +0000 (UTC) Received: from pigeon.gentoo.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by pigeon.gentoo.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 16A9EE07E0; Wed, 21 Dec 2022 06:20:07 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mout.gmx.net (mout.gmx.net [212.227.17.21]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (P-256) server-signature RSA-PSS (4096 bits) server-digest SHA256) (No client certificate requested) by pigeon.gentoo.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 68A64E07D0 for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2022 06:20:06 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=gmx.de; s=s31663417; t=1671603599; bh=70qnvbiwSNQX+0Y41uoDtphkIhMbNaYL1yDID7juvDo=; h=X-UI-Sender-Class:Date:From:To:Subject:References:In-Reply-To; b=arB58UW3y2NJNOFvrmqjqvOG3zXnbgzsLMmi5mjfsJU9/4oORHh7axQdKMMi2TfLN 675TAWg9YNMjg8mfhV+X4U5TfuUlPu3+eu8HLWs5jeaomFdlQJTiTqwhYq1h6ta0c/ 55QaKrszYL32X5m6hF6RvBb2NBvlUkjchAZL69KHvRuVLS5KTJZztEYDk1bnAoJlbo /0I/bOBxmGn70pCbpNCX78BHwDyU1Qus1EwTOg93DkgwMWU1HTVJm5VPoVpbM8xWM0 LMOem0vFvPsKPqqbS1YbmMLc3SXARGYF3vne0SIpdul1II4gIeLJHh4sKMgjrnINe4 nehzVANULClaw== X-UI-Sender-Class: 724b4f7f-cbec-4199-ad4e-598c01a50d3a Received: from tp ([92.117.37.6]) by mail.gmx.net (mrgmx105 [212.227.17.168]) with ESMTPSA (Nemesis) id 1MgesG-1ogGLD2l80-00h8oE for ; Wed, 21 Dec 2022 07:19:59 +0100 Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2022 07:19:57 +0100 From: Frank Steinmetzger To: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org Subject: Re: [gentoo-user] NAS and replacing with larger drives Message-ID: Mail-Followup-To: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org References: <9407e524-2226-6ba9-dd7f-bac635d083e3@gmail.com> <10b30d8a-5c5d-a80a-e659-b5624e2848e4@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk List-Post: List-Help: List-Unsubscribe: List-Subscribe: List-Id: Gentoo Linux mail X-BeenThere: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org Reply-to: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org X-Auto-Response-Suppress: DR, RN, NRN, OOF, AutoReply MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha512; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="dLmj1Gxg90rLv1AI" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: User-Agent: Mutt 2.2.9; VIM - Vi IMproved 9.0 X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:+SoQ2tXJCVzGaa/n7/g/qHjzAeLLubDNhgySnPnYLuoR5TTzDJg LJB27PtSS8MTa3rzr4orKG3MKir3CL8TG2sHJN/BFr+BF8ZCiWP1eYsQvRg8ATGmpsdCIVW h3JU3TG2ZlqybM/tceo3QeikBJewT1QBoAjbVEjjYdjPfy04oSQ72tO3Bngd2kxiaQKv6k4 HHKHg/e8HATVpMpSMteBQ== X-Spam-Flag: NO UI-OutboundReport: notjunk:1;M01:P0:8maTMfKVe2c=;R2HYsWy+oFGSO+7LhJCDgGgu9dc 2lIKnvUSabqYYE2kzA1QzR9P9skb6dgXww2+Ai7FPW4+9An6FtTdoOCVpF3/fISWTPmdRTZxI slYcL5Z62cKkAkmenOjouItsXvkJuiMVZOUuj92vtuXYUQjf0ovBm6bp7TzXzMqpOT708Unfs YDeakXkALRCJ6sC40r3YI4J42ha+2AbSkEtXaDQ4R7+vBm/Gu6S54jEorAf4TJFHxA0XKDgYU AEsSs7VZ3NdF69SAQq7pFBvvPaTiKyJsDBz3GGlrwBNu7hegB40rJt2/iK5ph7mq+DWZd5moo j6SShqM5+O1rHkG6o4Tu3Uo2D/l+wmBdyfs+SPpwURTQuE8k1NgLHNTFafhwvYeJFHxc9x8dN E9ad+amEShcwUm7tI+Zq6aJsPlBxPueh+snV+LK3lJteF7Xe72RbwvYzgy2AC0WinLwJ/tJPC rkLsCGKL52fXGIRDTnwj1L590O2Ham0xE9WJf78pRJXvf4V0wZSkmNM2bytuRSZowSxEnDZR0 hZdlveMJtUvfci7PTqJuoyCeEtpxLK4fY2gFD+OcuvH/PY8K6ZmHgLkVCVvZJ8hLNPSvE7Rvn yU66aNKCK22nVS+sTFdOpAG8SPWY0Lsm51lpFP4bpjTSMNluVzFmY+oh9q9RyFbvhvXAGJgGr Uj/S5PT0qCvJhZQSYC1BI0k7fDvJ86K9f7P3QeR0gn6oi7ECIC0EepIFYTo9eQ/p5vxLsYSrv b8TgH0plkJyLSJFVOKbT+w6ZSImESGOziBBkPIin7tvOM+rOjL5Me9JrEx9oxE9znMnoNj7T8 9/kWxEAO0k9dqU7CYsDnN0LcvuLhDm53Npot3VaumYnKLJ+VZWIDZV1YGpu8jEsEpKL3udoA5 QQ1JmcMFs+gM3BOOa8dQFSoCzO/Aqepazm04/LTJ36/21sfNc48E/Jr/741AsZionjnOf0g+U IN0B6A== X-Archives-Salt: 2e6cb154-9933-49de-9a5c-731c153b8cb2 X-Archives-Hash: 733fb8df3783a6ea731c7478d846022d --dLmj1Gxg90rLv1AI Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Am Wed, Dec 21, 2022 at 05:53:03AM +0000 schrieb Wols Lists: > On 21/12/2022 02:47, Dale wrote: > > I think if I can hold out a little while, something really nice is going > > to come along.=C2=A0 It seems there is a good bit of interest in having= a > > Raspberry Pi NAS that gives really good performance.=C2=A0 I'm talking = a NAS > > that is about the same speed as a internal drive.=C2=A0 Plus the abilit= y to > > use RAID and such.=C2=A0 I'd like to have a 6 bay with 6 drives setup in > > pairs for redundancy.=C2=A0 I can't recall what number RAID that is. > > Basically, if one drive fails, another copy still exists.=C2=A0 Of cour= se, > > two independent NASs would be better in my opinion.=C2=A0 Still, any of= this > > is progress. >=20 > That's called either Raid-10 (linux), or Raid-1+0 (elsewhere). Note that = 1+0 > is often called 10, but linux-10 is slightly different. In layman=E2=80=99s term, a stripe of mirrors. Raid-1 is the mirror, Raid-0= a (JBOD) pool. So mirror + pool =3D mirrorpool, hence the 1+0 =E2=86=92 10. > I'd personally be inclined to go for raid-6. That's 4 data drives, 2 pari= ty > (so you could have an "any two" drive failure and still recover). > A two-copy 10 or 1+0 is vulnerable to a two-drive failure. A three-copy is > vulnerable to a three-drive failure. At first, I had only two drives in my 4-bay NAS, which were of course set up as a mirror. After a year, when it became full, I bought the second pair of drives and had long deliberations by then, what to choose. I went for raid-6 (or RaidZ2 in ZFS parlance). With only four disks, it has the same net capacity as a pair of mirrors, but at the advantage that *any* two drives may fail, not just two particular ones. A raid of mirrors has performance benefits over a parity raid, but who cares for a simple Gbit storage device. With increasing number of disks, a mirror setup is at a disadvantage with storage efficiency =E2=80=93 it=E2=80=99s always 50 % or less, if you mirro= r over more than two disks. But with only four disks, that was irrelevant in my case. On the plus-side, each mirror can have a different physical disk size, so you can more easily mix=E2=80=99n=E2=80=99match what you got lying around, or do up= grades in smaller increments. If I wanted to increase my capacity, I=E2=80=99d have to replace *all* driv= es with bigger ones. With a mirror, only the drives in one of the mirrors need replacing. And the rebuild process would be quicker and less painful, as each drive will only be read once to rebuild its partner, and there is no parity calculation involved. In a RAID, each drive is replaced one by one, and each replacement requires a full read of all drives=E2=80=99 payload. W= ith older drives, this is cause for some concern whether the disks may survive that. That=E2=80=99s why, with increasing disk capacities, raid-5 is said to be o= bsolete. Because if another drive fails during rebuild, you are officially screwed. Fun, innit? --=20 Gr=C3=BC=C3=9Fe | Greetings | Salut | Qapla=E2=80=99 Please do not share anything from, with or about me on any social network. The boss is a human just like everyone else, he just doesn=E2=80=99t know. --dLmj1Gxg90rLv1AI Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="signature.asc" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQIzBAABCgAdFiEEVbE9o2D2lE5fhoVsizG+tUDUMMoFAmOipYsACgkQizG+tUDU MMoIhxAAghxYV9xYgB/SSZwF0oGyk97UlqzLqHCgQJdPkhWptFjxdY6G0/Wj/q6P HJTiTT3wYoq7roXJW4wBeuPfEIkWrEM4LoG3cdF2aidLUT/9s+yq+SDWtto2NRhY E44mV4H6Q6s5JAHZt9sUtNwMMt261UgDj/7jP3eaIyXnYf3rdVgvHTD97dU2UoX4 5hseQ5zNKGx8xZ1uJ4whBVtX8/4q1OFu/Bc4UU7KrjtyrntqeG0JvvfxhrtsllfZ MOGzHNgKQxEcqGA55z+jo0dP13bqNUf8UEl6fQb5JTxC+Y4rzyvkBq7pnJwJeyS5 gywwqGIxb4tWJASQ7hib4YGgvykFkCRxNZLOw2wOnC5u/593pf1kbzOjUuBh4Sf5 xyCvlmN3CjBf1HRE1Mu5A+HQAGEz/zc5rEukeQgDOSZ5W+G2/GOJrErN3zNJoXSm 8dMlZBSbB+gC7X5+Je7AF3frj0bpC4+d4vE6iDBYIAmaeLLlTGmR9Qgrx7fIpgUA OqYGE8PPcUkMhm4/16Yt0eF+FQcStvjSA8JEj5gm0SVq4A9mP/FzhE4Q0+pJMjIm hViLvbzYjO39yGodnl32c2BFzyKcSADqz+lcXLRywjqdPpDjPHEGx/cix9QieJMa jkHPzH6qqJ3t3gXgmi7Wazyu0URb5JXN9W5/dTC6YdOZRRWZS0o= =rdER -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --dLmj1Gxg90rLv1AI--