From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from lists.gentoo.org (pigeon.gentoo.org [208.92.234.80]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by finch.gentoo.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id EA0B01382C5 for ; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 09:14:36 +0000 (UTC) Received: from pigeon.gentoo.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by pigeon.gentoo.org (Postfix) with SMTP id 9AF06E09AE; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 09:14:30 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mail-ot1-x343.google.com (mail-ot1-x343.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::343]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by pigeon.gentoo.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 57713E0972 for ; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 09:14:30 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail-ot1-x343.google.com with SMTP id g7so3950302oti.13 for ; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 02:14:30 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=subject:to:references:from:openpgp:autocrypt:message-id:date :user-agent:mime-version:in-reply-to; bh=sah2hmtcd4x6c3JjJBtJUJheUnfgXgvDoorRRLMdPRo=; b=HMIYTkHLiqipNt+X14zNAUkE+2zp2jRlLVFMLqGPFM2JX3lxU4sMp4ctL8jtZWn8rC PJgL/Ri4AYOVExRZmTkUAQaJzR8E+NwlneHZZ5TCSQ/xiSdn3j18gvyCGet8OTzisfZk dI+XbrKQ4kFwvNPV/dx6dlTlqol+hz6AqDpcKICw9dMlO+FaUMkPxbsEpc30ShVUud1o +68J0BE1FiimB4kuID5iaUxifXbz3FwOlJXi2gdLSgOHU8gPoNPEMhY+eSiyYhLm+KNZ wSMU8QFG+Xn0vjBjLgErfD2PovL7uXaDZ1oTNqQVTWgUVObKXCPwF9RDgiCHsCcRVLrj wmtw== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:subject:to:references:from:openpgp:autocrypt :message-id:date:user-agent:mime-version:in-reply-to; bh=sah2hmtcd4x6c3JjJBtJUJheUnfgXgvDoorRRLMdPRo=; b=Em1AQ1TaCCeBD7Cwd3GeQFOFmYwYhdmx/l1Oqw7LZZf2TiZ0YXXj+tuTColP4w2Lts pr8kL7HaKbd+eepVouyf5R2GrOAEJy62tEBeVuSIg1eQ9gkt6DWJ+IOk6OpukhD9wj91 vRahXmMNZFf/AKsC9UtfIwpAvr3jqEjaI9ZUofXuDEhar5g9137BdBFKB+fwXGLFeuVV sT4+80tWNFsNcZxP4d3NHBq4PJivzDyjj6+rpxHDc3iSLZ1vO0FJ7L4TTGSNeoaFySMT 5jWTXmiClElDA/1SR56oyojrA03qLPTbSYd+dalIKNCGwdUUSKWNyo+cpnW7FQkMxJtz i6Fg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM5339SrxEpYlplC1j8RpVFH4pEcqdAZPf8RNSBk0OIyMXrVOlO5RH W9+XUL0i7xpY3mJ0ZAVMC38= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJxGypH3LPsrhCUC8PCe8jR7gHQeNtfbINK6dZVwFY5ONvNSN881rgDS17hqicuQVS4BUjzHyw== X-Received: by 2002:a9d:7ccb:: with SMTP id r11mr2739273otn.209.1592471669433; Thu, 18 Jun 2020 02:14:29 -0700 (PDT) Received: from [192.168.0.100] (adsl-074-188-241-018.sip.asm.bellsouth.net. [74.188.241.18]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id l9sm571407oov.46.2020.06.18.02.14.27 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Thu, 18 Jun 2020 02:14:28 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Re: [gentoo-user] Testing a used hard drive to make SURE it is good. To: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org References: <6d77acb3-5754-06cb-b8ef-2f1a5d7d8084@gmail.com> <20200615231836.xje3kkkihsxrvhaz@grusum.endjinn.de> From: Dale Openpgp: preference=signencrypt Autocrypt: addr=rdalek1967@gmail.com; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata= mQINBFxc7MgBEAC+zrgEdqJJiDe/UDAB+ScmferXWfJTVjbVT2T4DQ7jiLrgP9aNUo1HioNF mrU3JPOCR32gvZyTbY1+niO5+VSo/+pSqQ785h6ZDj1klMkrg6tEzGnf2MNBpBj4houZwxQ+ WDKKTg2M9F+lv8wTIdR/JQn+hSviktLMtrghQlyLhpapsLXWLA6gMFebpQYwxUwemvan8ddX lQvJe9FGyFYvBi0dp1gl10F2O+DVZJxvX8xkX+yImVlhVJiC31gXHRcj+Qlo7gprlU7TIieF Uow6/ZvYKJ26pztVdFCg5w0rMJkF/x8Zd4A6wnuptiAPmWaQ1+YKgYDonbDUgwqFSx5/lN5z DGZ4LlioxeUTTPVvZsqBIeDz6jNFA583OYbo1/S26dqrvTFf2DKlsvoDpVfAhNlwJPjoixs0 X3FNqPv+M10n4kq5Iz7Q9E3O4s/nfFIYGocEslVka7zZPkXSaHbsn+KJlY8XV6qxtCEdh0/V XX1+1aU2J74M0JikWhpwxTZ1dP5aOyWSPPEgFFIRW6xwwC02SoRH9a7mggfGYp/YjPlONNaT SCL8sgRfvmq3D0XTbLyTjSbExxkfKDmbePQagawDE3TlI/oivHf1JaAcbwMb3LZuU4TGcOIl 5D+x7q0MUIeCop0ZFOwAnqW3AVVNvsBkv2KN+IHJryWAf0/iMQARAQABtBtEYWxlIDxyZGFs ZWsxOTY3QGdtYWlsLmNvbT6JAk4EEwEIADgWIQTZ7suruPBaS60bCYXvEM/XWu+ZnAUCXFzs yAIbIwULCQgHAgYVCgkICwIEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAAKCRDvEM/XWu+ZnN+7D/4/1dNG4aCz0+v+ 0dcjV5tY1feYEWCdHKyDzxWBxlCpd/0NPRQeNY4VMjbCl/sq7GkXi/c2SbfWDQ5BQRkkExG1 pSwuXSIehGok/4fpTi3HDAguRvzdCqlKPt7me05FyiC/WnpY5GOlJ3ruGw2qABv/RmV2q5b/ tkq7h1y1f16DTNr3/nsj8HzHcrHdXdL4kaYChSOe/dbQR9Stqak7eMyR+iwvrJMNF/CGl70P 2x5ybsXMDzRVOqNcpa5ZdhEMTVh6+vC1SOmm1BFMF8XCqBEvBbcHWDQmGYTdNCsS/ADm8CBl gvjJgLdIsAzoMu4WHQDFnzXAoArqFWgAf53isOS4AWrv29tF9b8Aa1vb7h5JEa+ArcMsA6Gl X38+GY6WXXaxKI9n3PTCWu9tPGnRh7mABjnwEosDDqmzw8aTAYECb3avDuGY2rmcjgh4H6RE w08d63j1T4d5J9wlm4TGtW/VHgbUFkATEdH3Acl/EjFiyqTiX7p8kU6Reu5enIkogA93xoQh Rmy7ZiST/5LN+ZkaOdyjIw0L+5KalslN9SKt809YxgJ6kPo657LNTFPiFvFA46/SEWcBYrzq Xk0wEW0gBRWf+BqN0qRhU0/EQ+QfRdLLFg2xtUePwlheYLXxfyDLrdCCOLWYpkzbjCZHLS4u 69smbvR9S9KBDNzJybxEWrkCDQRcXOzIARAA5IGRWTqaM44IJgBYghZg2fGj0Am7KWPhE7V7 T/EEe7vVSUEFqHtlHzI4ZK6Q0AZ9uAEjE8IJIQ7KoTjzNqAtabP0vp3s0szgtJlsZ+8vGKlQ my7fvzSrdoQL0Xn7CEwJYFXJ1EMUcYIQeoHG1cUAaXx73k9BFbjwjnUeMrqlV/ZovQlg7duW nESfQ7HZu5NrtYyY3jPMUouxiO9WQPh+IHxZbt1absF2VcvRAymD32RxGvMPbw6ChMRD/p9O 4PH7M5rXaxr78NXQX9E48vrI00f1cYb9NSN1HnSV8cW3jKObVjdBk6jPQwrMvdpgdQhUB9aZ HS/9mC9mmAgiXKyCpzXe7FPB6QznSfn4GIaC/luy1e6SLUkJhRK/niB+gq+Mfxg2zXNuDUTI cMGmpDCp3kgUoorkaltk8RW09io95BkXrGhcDNuSGZfAParBc7RXyYpbIcax8St7tEAd2oFh 4seYOPUlzuhGrPpqR/91wrFc4E1260GKauSr4UhMJv6tygBwyC0mmBMKi+ZXw6ZdZxA5fg7y 35P3TILjznCXXTDgRHq9A3NknKRMcgFacX6eIhANkMFo6oJVjuEgy1dvu1wFfDq7c+i8GAHu L4pYzyXYu6PporlNNU0xSwdVgzM/uuK0lt+UxCimgC+YR3IezgDcbfudb7h9dGIwL+bbPL0A EQEAAYkCNgQYAQgAIBYhBNnuy6u48FpLrRsJhe8Qz9da75mcBQJcXOzIAhsMAAoJEO8Qz9da 75mcXZ4P/1YXgWDZek7mhzrf6uaQzMxa92P89HeWz4PlgB/32symeEFAV04WazzBZffI8AYY rGA1Xmu/2VaB9+FOODyKhUWBc2UL0NRWBk6POwboyTdKlclmpixaN9zLcBt0YLejoRfN1B/5 aQf9/lUDZMnAiCyz0FgeqEMUshldmwWC35RqnjrCbbuk2vIqSH6BLDIXU6jQrLHE1DF0ai41 wLtQFAFXPhn45n0ZwYhVs4Z32z4sjXrIvgBgCaXa4HM+L1Klne0KiNM8ReFTTpTE0SgyDOSZ O3MOa2n77i6JbVtsbiFYnNeP3J9S/l3jevGpZEtNQOKrIm1MW8jGuHWtsDeMkT/mCcSodlkt PxIo+mMK9GpGvG2hW80LiohqNfUbNwAmr3blOYY4URPXPRnEnPs4pmTmL5owjw2dkg145i9I D42Tq+XZ6YtWt3SGzGbAYow6XwTwZ5NFAzV9UQuCGrDw4KWan6O6Z+VIYWsn0UMZlu1Obxna aocofkaUCbISK26kImuD1aA8juSHC18Qv1xUage6/UakbSxyDtACqt6hOVFKX3IA59ApdNRT +2x3iCmlvF9MJsGgFq6IpqL+Fk7iWV8Kjbz0wQOId6N9+JdQh3LrLaS7a1PowUm1z9DK5/O0 Yg+gpDnEOOFI7WM5u7a7FSM2Z/LXGVwel/0eWvLk9tN6 Message-ID: <91bbab90-88b1-47ac-3c80-a8a842b5b48f@gmail.com> Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2020 04:14:25 -0500 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0 SeaMonkey/2.53.2 Precedence: bulk List-Post: List-Help: List-Unsubscribe: List-Subscribe: List-Id: Gentoo Linux mail X-BeenThere: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org Reply-to: gentoo-user@lists.gentoo.org X-Auto-Response-Suppress: DR, RN, NRN, OOF, AutoReply MIME-Version: 1.0 In-Reply-To: <20200615231836.xje3kkkihsxrvhaz@grusum.endjinn.de> Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------26B27A7725860A0062880022" X-Archives-Salt: dd42c323-a9b7-4112-a334-a49b0e8cc21b X-Archives-Hash: 09321a62f9202d7b1663ebe3efe5b6f2 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------26B27A7725860A0062880022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit David Haller wrote: > Hello, > > On Mon, 15 Jun 2020, Dale wrote: > [..] >> While I'm at it, when running dd, I have zero and random in /dev.  Where >> does a person obtain a one?  In other words, I can write all zeros, I >> can write all random but I can't write all ones since it isn't in /dev.  >> Does that even exist?  Can I create it myself somehow?  Can I download >> it or install it somehow?  I been curious about that for a good long >> while now.  I just never remember to ask.  > I've wondered that too. So I just hacked one up just now. > > ==== ones.c ==== > #include > #include > #include > static unsigned int buf[BUFSIZ]; > int main(void) { > unsigned int i; > for(i = 0; i < BUFSIZ; i++) { buf[i] = (unsigned int)-1; } > while( write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)) ); > exit(0); > } > ==== > > Compile with: > gcc $CFLAGS -o ones ones.c > or > gcc $(portageq envvar CFLAGS) -o ones ones.c > > and use/test e.g. like > > ./ones | dd of=/dev/null bs=8M count=1000 iflag=fullblock > > Here, it's about as fast as > > cat /dev/zero | dd of=/dev/null bs=8M count=1000 iflag=fullblock > > (but only about ~25% as fast as > dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=8M count=1000 iflag=fullblock > for whatever reason ever, but the implementation of /dev/zero is > non-trivial ...) > > HTH, > -dnh > I got it to compile, at least it created a file named ones anyway.  What I'm unclear about, where is the if= for dd in the command?  All the commands I've seen before has a if= and a of=.  The if for input and of for output or target.  I'm assuming that if I want to target sdb, I'd replace null with /dev/sdb.  As I've posted before, even my scripting skills are minimal.  Surprised I got it to compile even.  lol  Just trying to make sure I don't mess up something.  I placed all this in the /root directory.  I'm assuming I can copy paste the commands above while in /root to make it work?  I'm asking because I haven't tried it yet.  Thanks. Dale :-)  :-)  --------------26B27A7725860A0062880022 Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-15 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
David Haller wrote:
Hello,

On Mon, 15 Jun 2020, Dale wrote:
[..]

While I'm at it, when running dd, I have zero and random in /dev.  Where
does a person obtain a one?  In other words, I can write all zeros, I
can write all random but I can't write all ones since it isn't in /dev. 
Does that even exist?  Can I create it myself somehow?  Can I download
it or install it somehow?  I been curious about that for a good long
while now.  I just never remember to ask. 

I've wondered that too. So I just hacked one up just now.

==== ones.c ====
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
static unsigned int buf[BUFSIZ];
int main(void) {
    unsigned int i;
    for(i = 0; i < BUFSIZ; i++) { buf[i] = (unsigned int)-1; }
    while( write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)) );
    exit(0);
}
====

Compile with:
    gcc $CFLAGS -o ones ones.c
or
    gcc $(portageq envvar CFLAGS) -o ones ones.c

and use/test e.g. like

    ./ones | dd of=/dev/null bs=8M count=1000 iflag=fullblock

Here, it's about as fast as

    cat /dev/zero | dd of=/dev/null bs=8M count=1000 iflag=fullblock

(but only about ~25% as fast as 
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=8M count=1000 iflag=fullblock
for whatever reason ever, but the implementation of /dev/zero is
non-trivial ...)

HTH,
-dnh

I got it to compile, at least it created a file named ones anyway.  What I'm unclear about, where is the if= for dd in the command?  All the commands I've seen before has a if= and a of=.  The if for input and of for output or target.  I'm assuming that if I want to target sdb, I'd replace null with /dev/sdb. 

As I've posted before, even my scripting skills are minimal.  Surprised I got it to compile even.  lol  Just trying to make sure I don't mess up something.  I placed all this in the /root directory.  I'm assuming I can copy paste the commands above while in /root to make it work?  I'm asking because I haven't tried it yet. 

Thanks.

Dale

:-)  :-) 


--------------26B27A7725860A0062880022--