So, please check where these files came from by
qfile /usr/src/linux-2.6.31-gentoo-r6/Makefile
WALRUS ~ # qfile /usr/src/linux-2.6.31-gentoo-r6/Makefile
sys-kernel/-MERGING-gentoo-sources (/usr/src/linux-2.6.31-gentoo-r6/Makefile)
Whatever that means.
Have you installed this kernel 'by hand' i.e. outside of portage?
No. I've not built nor installed *any* 2.6.31 kernel. I've never succeeded in emerging the sources.