[gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[thelma]

I'm looking for an idea to duplicate my old gentoo system.
I'm using old programs that require older version php, ( PHP Version
5.6) the program is not compatible with newer php. 7.4 and apache 2.2

Gentoo is install on 1TB  SSD  (/dev/sda)
The new 2TB  SSD is M.2 (so it has a strange name)

1.) Is my option only:
dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64K conv=noerror,sync

If I duplicate the drive this way I'll end-up with two partitions, as
I'll have 1TB free on a new drive.  Or is there a way to resize
partition on M.2 SSD

2.) Another options, I could dig-out the old programs from "attic", but
that will not be an easy job.

-- 
Thelma

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Michael]

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On Tuesday, 17 November 2020 17:47:09 GMT thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
> I'm looking for an idea to duplicate my old gentoo system.
> I'm using old programs that require older version php, ( PHP Version
> 5.6) the program is not compatible with newer php. 7.4 and apache 2.2
> 
> Gentoo is install on 1TB  SSD  (/dev/sda)
> The new 2TB  SSD is M.2 (so it has a strange name)
> 
> 1.) Is my option only:
> dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64K conv=noerror,sync
> 
> If I duplicate the drive this way I'll end-up with two partitions, as
> I'll have 1TB free on a new drive.  Or is there a way to resize
> partition on M.2 SSD
> 
> 2.) Another options, I could dig-out the old programs from "attic", but
> that will not be an easy job.

You could go about this in a number of different ways.

dd command will take forever, as it is copying every bit and byte from one 
disk to the next, whether it contains data or not.

I prefer to use a clonezilla liveUSB to copy a disk or selected partitions 
between disks, which will take significantly less time as only blocks with 
data get copied over.

You can increase the partition size after you finish copying it onto the new 
disk and then the filesystem size within it.  Gparted can run both steps in a 
single stroke.

If you prefer a more manual and tedious way, you can create a partition as 
large as you need it to be on the new disk, format it with a filesystem of 
choice, then use rsync or tar to copy over the files you want and --exclude 
anything you don't want copied over.

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Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[thelma]

On 11/17/2020 11:26 AM, Michael wrote:
> On Tuesday, 17 November 2020 17:47:09 GMT thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
>> I'm looking for an idea to duplicate my old gentoo system.
>> I'm using old programs that require older version php, ( PHP Version
>> 5.6) the program is not compatible with newer php. 7.4 and apache 2.2
>>
>> Gentoo is install on 1TB  SSD  (/dev/sda)
>> The new 2TB  SSD is M.2 (so it has a strange name)
>>
>> 1.) Is my option only:
>> dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64K conv=noerror,sync
>>
>> If I duplicate the drive this way I'll end-up with two partitions, as
>> I'll have 1TB free on a new drive.  Or is there a way to resize
>> partition on M.2 SSD
>>
>> 2.) Another options, I could dig-out the old programs from "attic", but
>> that will not be an easy job.
> 
> You could go about this in a number of different ways.
> 
> dd command will take forever, as it is copying every bit and byte from one 
> disk to the next, whether it contains data or not.
> 
> I prefer to use a clonezilla liveUSB to copy a disk or selected partitions 
> between disks, which will take significantly less time as only blocks with 
> data get copied over.
> 
> You can increase the partition size after you finish copying it onto the new 
> disk and then the filesystem size within it.  Gparted can run both steps in a 
> single stroke.
> 
> If you prefer a more manual and tedious way, you can create a partition as 
> large as you need it to be on the new disk, format it with a filesystem of 
> choice, then use rsync or tar to copy over the files you want and --exclude 
> anything you don't want copied over.

Thanks for the input, will try on the weekend.

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[thelma]

On 11/17/2020 11:26 AM, Michael wrote:
> On Tuesday, 17 November 2020 17:47:09 GMT thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
>> I'm looking for an idea to duplicate my old gentoo system.
>> I'm using old programs that require older version php, ( PHP Version
>> 5.6) the program is not compatible with newer php. 7.4 and apache 2.2
>>
>> Gentoo is install on 1TB  SSD  (/dev/sda)
>> The new 2TB  SSD is M.2 (so it has a strange name)
>>
>> 1.) Is my option only:
>> dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64K conv=noerror,sync
>>
>> If I duplicate the drive this way I'll end-up with two partitions, as
>> I'll have 1TB free on a new drive.  Or is there a way to resize
>> partition on M.2 SSD
>>
>> 2.) Another options, I could dig-out the old programs from "attic", but
>> that will not be an easy job.
> 
> You could go about this in a number of different ways.
> 
> dd command will take forever, as it is copying every bit and byte from one 
> disk to the next, whether it contains data or not.
> 
> I prefer to use a clonezilla liveUSB to copy a disk or selected partitions 
> between disks, which will take significantly less time as only blocks with 
> data get copied over.
> 
> You can increase the partition size after you finish copying it onto the new 
> disk and then the filesystem size within it.  Gparted can run both steps in a 
> single stroke.
> 
> If you prefer a more manual and tedious way, you can create a partition as 
> large as you need it to be on the new disk, format it with a filesystem of 
> choice, then use rsync or tar to copy over the files you want and --exclude 
> anything you don't want copied over.

Manual approach might be confusing and prone to errors.
I will try Gparted as you suggested but I was wondering if it will allow
me to combine/join partitions.  On most modern system I think there is:
1 - boot partiton
2 - swap if needed
3 - root partition (where home is as well)

My current layout is old one:
dev/sda1		/boot		ext2		
/dev/sda3		/		ext4		
/dev/sda2		none		swap		
/dev/sda4		/home	ext4

Is it possible with Gparted combine "/" and "home" partitions, or is it
as simple as coping all file from "home" partition to "/" home folder.

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Thomas Mueller]

from thelma@sys-concept.com:

> Manual approach might be confusing and prone to errors.
> I will try Gparted as you suggested but I was wondering if it will allow
> me to combine/join partitions.  On most modern system I think there is:
> 1 - boot partiton
> 2 - swap if needed
> 3 - root partition (where home is as well)

> My current layout is old one:
> dev/sda1		/boot		ext2		
> /dev/sda3		/		ext4		
> /dev/sda2		none		swap		
> /dev/sda4		/home	ext4

> Is it possible with Gparted combine "/" and "home" partitions, or is it
> as simple as coping all file from "home" partition to "/" home folder.

I never used parted or gparted, but prefer to put "home" in a different partition.

That way, if you mess up or otherwise have to reformat the root partition, home is unaffected.

Also, you can access the same home partition from more than one OS installation that can read/write the file system, in this case ext2 or ext4.

Tom

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Dale]

thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
> or is it
> as simple as coping all file from "home" partition to "/" home folder.
>


That's what I would do.  First, umount /home.  Mount /home somewhere
else like /mnt/tmp or something.  Copy everything from /mnt/tmp to
/home.  Make sure to remove any entries in fstab for /home too.  Then
umount /mnt/tmp and carry on.  I don't think I'm missing anything. 

I'm with Thomas tho, I've always kept /home on a separate partition.  It
has made things easier when I have to reinstall, lose a drive etc etc. 
Things happen and having eggs in separate baskets can help.  That said,
if it will work best for your needs or circumstances or both, then it is
what it is. 

Hope that helps.

Dale

:-)  :-) 

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Neil Bothwick]

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On Wed, 18 Nov 2020 02:49:10 -0600, Dale wrote:

> thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
> > or is it
> > as simple as coping all file from "home" partition to "/" home folder.
> >  
> 
> 
> That's what I would do.  First, umount /home.  Mount /home somewhere
> else like /mnt/tmp or something.  Copy everything from /mnt/tmp to
> /home.  Make sure to remove any entries in fstab for /home too.  Then
> umount /mnt/tmp and carry on.  I don't think I'm missing anything. 

Or you can bind mount / somewhere and copy /home to home on the bind
mount, saves unmounting anything.

mount --bind / /mnt/tmp
rsync -a /home/ /mnt/tmp/home/

> I'm with Thomas tho, I've always kept /home on a separate partition.  It
> has made things easier when I have to reinstall, lose a drive etc etc. 
> Things happen and having eggs in separate baskets can help.  That said,
> if it will work best for your needs or circumstances or both, then it is
> what it is. 

Agreed, it also helps with backing up you are likely to have different
requirements for backing up the OS, which is replaceable, and your data,
which isn't.


-- 
Neil Bothwick

First Law of Laboratory Work:
Hot glass looks exactly the same as cold glass.

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Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Dale]

Neil Bothwick wrote:
> On Wed, 18 Nov 2020 02:49:10 -0600, Dale wrote:
>
>> thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
>>> or is it
>>> as simple as coping all file from "home" partition to "/" home folder.
>>>  
>> That's what I would do.  First, umount /home.  Mount /home somewhere
>> else like /mnt/tmp or something.  Copy everything from /mnt/tmp to
>> /home.  Make sure to remove any entries in fstab for /home too.  Then
>> umount /mnt/tmp and carry on.  I don't think I'm missing anything. 
> Or you can bind mount / somewhere and copy /home to home on the bind
> mount, saves unmounting anything.
>
> mount --bind / /mnt/tmp
> rsync -a /home/ /mnt/tmp/home/
>

True.  I'm not to familiar with bind mounting, unless I copy and paste
from a wiki or something.  Would be easier tho.  ;-)


>> I'm with Thomas tho, I've always kept /home on a separate partition.  It
>> has made things easier when I have to reinstall, lose a drive etc etc. 
>> Things happen and having eggs in separate baskets can help.  That said,
>> if it will work best for your needs or circumstances or both, then it is
>> what it is. 
> Agreed, it also helps with backing up you are likely to have different
> requirements for backing up the OS, which is replaceable, and your data,
> which isn't.
>
>
> -- Neil Bothwick First Law of Laboratory Work: Hot glass looks exactly
> the same as cold glass.


I like your sigs.  Sometimes they have me rolling.  ROFL

Dale

:-)  :-) 

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Michael]

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On Wednesday, 18 November 2020 06:46:35 GMT thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
> On 11/17/2020 11:26 AM, Michael wrote:
> > On Tuesday, 17 November 2020 17:47:09 GMT thelma@sys-concept.com wrote:
> >> I'm looking for an idea to duplicate my old gentoo system.
> >> I'm using old programs that require older version php, ( PHP Version
> >> 5.6) the program is not compatible with newer php. 7.4 and apache 2.2
> >> 
> >> Gentoo is install on 1TB  SSD  (/dev/sda)
> >> The new 2TB  SSD is M.2 (so it has a strange name)
> >> 
> >> 1.) Is my option only:
> >> dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64K conv=noerror,sync
> >> 
> >> If I duplicate the drive this way I'll end-up with two partitions, as
> >> I'll have 1TB free on a new drive.  Or is there a way to resize
> >> partition on M.2 SSD
> >> 
> >> 2.) Another options, I could dig-out the old programs from "attic", but
> >> that will not be an easy job.
> > 
> > You could go about this in a number of different ways.
> > 
> > dd command will take forever, as it is copying every bit and byte from one
> > disk to the next, whether it contains data or not.
> > 
> > I prefer to use a clonezilla liveUSB to copy a disk or selected partitions
> > between disks, which will take significantly less time as only blocks with
> > data get copied over.
> > 
> > You can increase the partition size after you finish copying it onto the
> > new disk and then the filesystem size within it.  Gparted can run both
> > steps in a single stroke.
> > 
> > If you prefer a more manual and tedious way, you can create a partition as
> > large as you need it to be on the new disk, format it with a filesystem of
> > choice, then use rsync or tar to copy over the files you want and
> > --exclude
> > anything you don't want copied over.
> 
> Manual approach might be confusing and prone to errors.
> I will try Gparted as you suggested but I was wondering if it will allow
> me to combine/join partitions.  On most modern system I think there is:
> 1 - boot partiton
> 2 - swap if needed
> 3 - root partition (where home is as well)
> 
> My current layout is old one:
> dev/sda1		/boot		ext2
> /dev/sda3		/		ext4
> /dev/sda2		none		swap
> /dev/sda4		/home	ext4
> 
> Is it possible with Gparted combine "/" and "home" partitions, or is it
> as simple as coping all file from "home" partition to "/" home folder.

Others have answered this already and I agree with them, a separate /home 
partition is better for longer term OS maintenance/back up/replacement, 
without messing up with your personal data in /home.

However, if you really want to have your /home directory on the same partition 
as / then a step by step approach could be:

1. Use Gparted to create /boot[1], / and swap partitions of the desired size.  
Use up the whole 2TB of the new disk if you want, or make each partition to 
any size you like, as long as each partition on the new disk is at least as 
large as the corresponding partition on the old disk.  You can use LVM if you 
want to have resizable logical volumes on the new disk.

2. Use Clonezilla LiveCD/USB to clone /boot and / partitions from the old to 
the new disk. If the new partitions are larger in size compared to the old 
partitions, use Gparted (or CLI tools like resize2fs) after you finish cloning 
the partition data to resize the filesystem and fill up the new partitions.  
Create the new swap (mkswap and swapon).

3. Then mount your /home partition on the old disk and the / partition on the 
new disk and use 'rsync -axAHX' or tar (don't forget --xattrs) to copy over 
the /home directory from the old to the new.

4. Adjust the new /etc/fstab accordingly.[2]

5. Reboot using the new disk to check all is as it should be.

[1] You may not want/need a new /boot partition - the old /boot in /dev/sda1 
will be able to also boot the cloned / partition, but you would need to 
adjust/update your boot manager to include the new / partition.

[2] Clonezilla will copy over the original partition UUID so you will need to 
check this with blkid and change it with tune2fs to avoid clashes if both 
disks will be on the same PC.

I hope I haven't missed up anything in the above, since it's not something I 
do often, but troubleshooting omissions should be easy to resolve. 

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Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[antlists]

On 18/11/2020 11:22, Michael wrote:
> However, if you really want to have your /home directory on the same partition
> as / then a step by step approach could be:

One big problem with /home on / is that a rogue luser can DoS your 
system by filling the disk. Same reason you should keep /var on a 
different partition - you don't want logs filling the partition because 
you got your rotate wrong ...

Cheers,
Wol

Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[Michael]

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On Wednesday, 18 November 2020 19:16:55 GMT antlists wrote:
> On 18/11/2020 11:22, Michael wrote:
> > However, if you really want to have your /home directory on the same
> > partition
> > as / then a step by step approach could be:
> One big problem with /home on / is that a rogue luser can DoS your
> system by filling the disk. Same reason you should keep /var on a
> different partition - you don't want logs filling the partition because
> you got your rotate wrong ...
> 
> Cheers,
> Wol

I usually leave the /home and /boot directories on / for VM systems, which I 
use only for testing.  I have no personal data on these systems and only use 
them to test OS or apps and particular configurations with them.  On 
installations which I use on personal laptops/desktops I always have /var, /
home, /boot on separate partitions for good reasons already mentioned.  
However, each to their own.  :-)

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Re: [gentoo-user] duplicate gentoo system

[john vera]

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John_


El mar., 17 nov. 2020 a las 18:47, <thelma@sys-concept.com> escribió:

> I'm looking for an idea to duplicate my old gentoo system.
> I'm using old programs that require older version php, ( PHP Version
> 5.6) the program is not compatible with newer php. 7.4 and apache 2.2
>
> Gentoo is install on 1TB  SSD  (/dev/sda)
> The new 2TB  SSD is M.2 (so it has a strange name)
>
> 1.) Is my option only:
> dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=64K conv=noerror,sync
>
> If I duplicate the drive this way I'll end-up with two partitions, as
> I'll have 1TB free on a new drive.  Or is there a way to resize
> partition on M.2 SSD
>
> 2.) Another options, I could dig-out the old programs from "attic", but
> that will not be an easy job.
>
> --
> Thelma
>
>

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