[gentoo-user] about grub

[gentoo-user] about grub

[sain yan]

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Hi
      On my gentoo box, Useing grub and it work fine!
      But I`m NOT find the file menu.lst in /etc and /boot,Why???


      and I install another kernel , Then write the file "menu.lst" at
/boot/grub/menu.lst,
      But Grub DON`T read it when booting,Why??


              anybody help me?   thanks!!
-- 
==============================
I'm sorry for my poor english!!!!!!!

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Paul Waring]

On Thu, Jul 05, 2007 at 07:51:10PM +0800, sain yan wrote:
>          On my gentoo box, Useing grub and it work fine!
> 
>          But I`m NOT find the file menu.lst in /etc and /boot,Why???

The file you want is stored as: /boot/grub/grub.conf on Gentoo systems.
You need to edit that file in order to make any changes and grub will
read them correctly at the next reboot (you don't need to run any
commands as you do with lilo).

Paul
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dominik Żyła]

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2007/7/5, Dirk Heinrichs <dirk.heinrichs.ext@nsn.com>:
>
> Am Donnerstag, 5. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Dominik Żyła:
>
> > Hi,
> > [14:01] concubine:~ $ ll /boot/grub/menu.lst
> > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 gru 14  2005 /boot/grub/menu.lst -> grub.conf
> > [14:01] concubine:~ $
>
> So what?
>
> Bye...
>
>         Dirk
> --
> Dirk Heinrichs          | Tel:  +49 (0)162 234 3408
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So, it`s exactly what  Hemmann, Volker Armin  wrote above your post.

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Donnerstag, 5. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Dominik Żyła:
> 2007/7/5, Dirk Heinrichs <dirk.heinrichs.ext@nsn.com>:
> > Am Donnerstag, 5. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Dominik Żyła:
> > > Hi,
> > > [14:01] concubine:~ $ ll /boot/grub/menu.lst
> > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 gru 14  2005 /boot/grub/menu.lst ->
> > > grub.conf [14:01] concubine:~ $
> >
> > So what?
>
> So, it`s exactly what  Hemmann, Volker Armin  wrote above your post.

Yes, but I don't think it's the cause of the problem. And, according to 
grub's man page, is also (partly) wrong:

"       --config-file=FILE
              specify stage2 config_file [default=/boot/grub/menu.lst]"

(or is the man/info/--help out of date?)

As I wrote in my first answer to this thread (which somehow didn't make it 
to the list, yet), the problem is (IMHO) with /boot not beeing mounted at 
all.

Bye...

	Dirk
-- 
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Don Jerman]

On 7/5/07, Dirk Heinrichs <dirk.heinrichs.ext@nsn.com> wrote:
[...]
> As I wrote in my first answer to this thread (which somehow didn't make it
> to the list, yet), the problem is (IMHO) with /boot not beeing mounted at
> all.
>
Yes, if you followed the Gentoo install instructions closely /boot is
not mounted during normal operation, so if you install a new kernel it
will write /boot/grub/grub.conf (or /boot/grub/menu.lst) to your root
partition, not your boot partition.  Grub is instructed to use (hd0,0)
or whatever your particular boot partition is, so it's not going to
see the /boot directory on your root partition - mount /boot and
re-install the new kernel version and it'll probably boot fine.  Then
you can clean up the version of /boot that's on your root partition
(verify that /boot is not mounted first!).
-- 
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Paul Gibbons]

On Thu, 5 Jul 2007 19:51:10 +0800
"sain yan" <sainry@gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi
>       On my gentoo box, Useing grub and it work fine!
>       But I`m NOT find the file menu.lst in /etc and /boot,Why???
> 
> 
>       and I install another kernel , Then write the file "menu.lst" at
> /boot/grub/menu.lst,
>       But Grub DON`T read it when booting,Why??
> 
> 
>               anybody help me?   thanks!!
I had a similar issue. My boot partition contained
a /boot/grub/menu.lst with the option:

title           Gentoo-2.6.20.r8 on /dev/sdb2 - hd1,1
root            (hd1,1)
kernel          /boot/bzImage-2.6.20-gentoo-r8 root=/dev/sdb6

but changes to /boot/bzImage-2.6.20-gentoo-r8 seem to have no effect.

The cause was the value for root ( (hd1,1) ) which pointed to a
different partition than the  partition mounted as / and which
held /boot. 

I had to mount hd1,1 which was /dev/sdb2 as /mnt/sdb2 and sure enough
in /mnt/sdb2/boot I found the image that was run at boot time.

I really need to tidy up my partitions!


-- 
                                                 
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       /  /      ##                       ##    
      ## ##      ##  /###   ##   ####     ##    
      ## ##      ## / ###  / ##    ###  / ##     paul@pkami.e7even.com
    /### ##      / /   ###/  ##     ###/  ##     mobile: 07972184336
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###   #  /                                      
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Linux 2.6.20-gentoo-r8 
x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3000+ AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Donnerstag, 5. Juli 2007 schrieb ext sain yan:
> Hi
>       On my gentoo box, Useing grub and it work fine!
>       But I`m NOT find the file menu.lst in /etc and /boot,Why???

Because you didn't mount /boot?

>       and I install another kernel , Then write the file "menu.lst" at
> /boot/grub/menu.lst,
>       But Grub DON`T read it when booting,Why??

Because grub looks at another partition.

HTH...

	Dirk
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[sain yan]

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>Because you didn`t mount /boot?

Yes!!!!!     I find the erro in /etc/fstab

/dev/sda7        /boot       ext3        *noauto,*notime,noexec     0 0



THANKS EVERYBODY !!




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==============================
I'm sorry for my poor english!!!!!!!

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Mick]

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On Saturday 07 July 2007 12:57, sain yan wrote:
> >Because you didn`t mount /boot?
>
> Yes!!!!!     I find the erro in /etc/fstab
>
> /dev/sda7        /boot       ext3        *noauto,*notime,noexec     0 0

It's not an error really.  You are not meant to mount /boot every time you 
boot - only when you want to change anything in it.
-- 
Regards,
Mick

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dan Farrell]

On Sat, 7 Jul 2007 13:38:22 +0100
Mick <michaelkintzios@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Saturday 07 July 2007 12:57, sain yan wrote:
> > >Because you didn`t mount /boot?
> >
> > Yes!!!!!     I find the erro in /etc/fstab
> >
> > /dev/sda7        /boot       ext3        *noauto,*notime,noexec
> > 0 0
> 
> It's not an error really.  You are not meant to mount /boot every
> time you boot - only when you want to change anything in it.

There's nothing wrong with having it mounted, only generally there's no
reason to access it after boot and so making it available merely
introduces the possibility of messing it up.  

Just a clarification for postarity.  
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[sain yan]

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>only generally there's no reason to access it after boot

yes!!

==============================
I'm sorry for my poor english!!!!!!!

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Kent Fredric]

On 7/8/07, Mick <michaelkintzios@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Saturday 07 July 2007 12:57, sain yan wrote:
> > >Because you didn`t mount /boot?
> >
> > Yes!!!!!     I find the erro in /etc/fstab
> >
> > /dev/sda7        /boot       ext3        *noauto,*notime,noexec     0 0
>
> It's not an error really.  You are not meant to mount /boot every time you
> boot - only when you want to change anything in it.
> --
> Regards,
> Mick
>
>
there is 1 error there, but its _not_ the noauto, its the notime,
which probably should be noatime, and notime being an invalid option
might be preventing mounting.
-- 
Kent
ruby -e '[1, 2, 4, 7, 0, 9, 5, 8, 3, 10, 11, 6, 12, 13].each{|x|
print "enNOSPicAMreil kdrtf@gma.com"[(2*x)..(2*x+1)]}'
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Neil Bothwick]

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On Sat, 7 Jul 2007 09:03:47 -0500, Dan Farrell wrote:

> > It's not an error really.  You are not meant to mount /boot every
> > time you boot - only when you want to change anything in it.  
> 
> There's nothing wrong with having it mounted, only generally there's no
> reason to access it after boot and so making it available merely
> introduces the possibility of messing it up. 

And having it unmounted causes numerous threads about problems caused by
updating the kernel when /boot is not mounted. I prefer to have fstab
mount /boot ro [*], so it can't get touched accidentally, but trying to
update the kernel without remounting it gives a clear error message.

[*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs I
don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I tend
to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for everything
else.


-- 
Neil Bothwick

"Mr. Worf, scan that ship." "Aye Captain. 300 dpi?"

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Allan Gottlieb]

At Sun, 08 Jul 2007 16:25:06 +0100 Neil Bothwick <neil@digimed.co.uk> wrote:

> On Sat, 7 Jul 2007 09:03:47 -0500, Dan Farrell wrote:
>
>> > It's not an error really.  You are not meant to mount /boot every
>> > time you boot - only when you want to change anything in it.  
>> 
>> There's nothing wrong with having it mounted, only generally there's no
>> reason to access it after boot and so making it available merely
>> introduces the possibility of messing it up. 
>
> And having it unmounted causes numerous threads about problems caused by
> updating the kernel when /boot is not mounted. I prefer to have fstab
> mount /boot ro [*], so it can't get touched accidentally, but trying to
> update the kernel without remounting it gives a clear error message.
>
> [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs I
> don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I tend
> to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for everything
> else.
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gentoo filesystems (was: [gentoo-user] about grub)

[Allan Gottlieb]

[Sorry for the previous post just quoting neil--finger slip]

At Sun, 08 Jul 2007 16:25:06 +0100 Neil Bothwick <neil@digimed.co.uk> wrote:

> On new installs I tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an
> LVM partition for everything else.

Just one partition?  I have never used lvm, but thought that a
motivation was to be able to move space from one partition to another.

If you do have several partitions managed by lvm, I would appreciated
knowing how are they divided as I am considering moving to lvm myself.
Is /usr under lvm?

thanks in advance and sorry again for the finger slip,
allan
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Re: gentoo filesystems (was: [gentoo-user] about grub)

[Neil Bothwick]

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Hello Allan Gottlieb,

> > On new installs I tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an
> > LVM partition for everything else.  
> 
> Just one partition?  I have never used lvm, but thought that a
> motivation was to be able to move space from one partition to another.

One physical partition used by LVM, but then several logical partitions
on that.

> If you do have several partitions managed by lvm, I would appreciated
> knowing how are they divided as I am considering moving to lvm myself.
> Is /usr under lvm?

Yes. I tend to have partitions for /usr, /var and /home, plus any other
specialised directories I want to keep on their own partitions.


-- 
Neil Bothwick

If a turtle doesn't have a shell, is he homeless or naked?

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[gentoo-user] Re: gentoo filesystems

[Allan Gottlieb]

At Mon, 09 Jul 2007 01:33:27 +0100 Neil Bothwick <neil@digimed.co.uk> wrote:

> Hello Allan Gottlieb,
>
>> > On new installs I tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an
>> > LVM partition for everything else.  
>> 
>> Just one partition?  I have never used lvm, but thought that a
>> motivation was to be able to move space from one partition to another.
>
> One physical partition used by LVM, but then several logical partitions
> on that.

I see.

>> If you do have several partitions managed by lvm, I would appreciated
>> knowing how are they divided as I am considering moving to lvm myself.
>> Is /usr under lvm?
>
> Yes. I tend to have partitions for /usr, /var and /home, plus any other
> specialised directories I want to keep on their own partitions.

thanks,
allan
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[gentoo-user] Re: about grub

[Thufir]

On Sun, 08 Jul 2007 16:25:06 +0100, Neil Bothwick wrote:


> [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs I
> don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I tend
> to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for
> everything else.

Would you paste the output of fdisk -l or similar so I could see 
concretely what you mean?


thanks,

Thufir

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Re: gentoo filesystems (was: [gentoo-user] about grub)

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Montag, 9. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Neil Bothwick:
> Hello Allan Gottlieb,
>
> > > On new installs I tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an
> > > LVM partition for everything else.
> >
> > Just one partition?  I have never used lvm, but thought that a
> > motivation was to be able to move space from one partition to another.
>
> One physical partition used by LVM, but then several logical partitions
> on that.

Guess you wanted to write logical volumes. A logical partition is something 
different. It could mean that inside the big LVM partition, you would 
create logical partitions by using fdisk.

Bye...

	Dirk
-- 
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Re: [gentoo-user] Re: about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Montag, 9. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Thufir:
> On Sun, 08 Jul 2007 16:25:06 +0100, Neil Bothwick wrote:
> > [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs I
> > don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I
> > tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for
> > everything else.
>
> Would you paste the output of fdisk -l or similar so I could see
> concretely what you mean?

This is mine:

/dev/sda1   *           1        2610    20964793+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda2   *        2611        2614       32130   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2615        9726    57127140   83  Linux

sda2 is /boot, sda3 is for LVM. Everthing else is logical volumes, managed 
with EVMS.

Bye...

	Dirk
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Sonntag, 8. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Neil Bothwick:

> [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs I
> don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I tend
> to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for
> everything else.

What if you need to resize /? Rare case, I know, but Murphy is still 
alive :-) Why not put swap on LV also?

Bye...

	Dirk
-- 
Dirk Heinrichs          | Tel:  +49 (0)162 234 3408
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Re: [gentoo-user] Re: about grub

[Norberto Bensa]

Hello Dirk,

Dirk Heinrichs wrote:
> /dev/sda1   *           1        2610    20964793+   7  HPFS/NTFS
> /dev/sda2   *        2611        2614       32130   83  Linux
> /dev/sda3            2615        9726    57127140   83  Linux
>
> sda2 is /boot, sda3 is for LVM. Everthing else is logical volumes, managed
> with EVMS.

How is managing LVM thru EVMS different from vg* and lv* commands? 


Many thanks,
Norberto
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Re: [gentoo-user] Re: about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Montag, 9. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Norberto Bensa:
> Hello Dirk,
>
> Dirk Heinrichs wrote:
> > /dev/sda1   *           1        2610    20964793+   7  HPFS/NTFS
> > /dev/sda2   *        2611        2614       32130   83  Linux
> > /dev/sda3            2615        9726    57127140   83  Linux
> >
> > sda2 is /boot, sda3 is for LVM. Everthing else is logical volumes,
> > managed with EVMS.
>
> How is managing LVM thru EVMS different from vg* and lv* commands?

One UI to replace them all. From fdisk to vg*/lv* to md* to mkfs.*. 
Everything in a nice ncurses or GTK UI, or even a pure commandline client 
for scripting.

Bye...

	Dirk
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Re: gentoo filesystems (was: [gentoo-user] about grub)

[Neil Bothwick]

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Hello Dirk Heinrichs,

> > One physical partition used by LVM, but then several logical
> > partitions on that.  
> 
> Guess you wanted to write logical volumes. A logical partition is
> something different. It could mean that inside the big LVM partition,
> you would create logical partitions by using fdisk.

Err, yeah.


-- 
Neil Bothwick

Final proof that dolphins are more intelligent than humans:
Not one dolphin has, as of yet, upgraded to Windows Vista.

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Neil Bothwick]

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Hello Dirk Heinrichs,

> > [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs
> > I don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I
> > tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for
> > everything else.  
> 
> What if you need to resize /?

Since /usr, /var and /opt are on LVM, I can't see / increasing
dramatically in size, and it's only 1/3 full now. The alternative would
be to use a separate /boot and mess around with initramfs images to
load / from LVM, which is extra hassle and another potential point of
failure.

> Rare case, I know, but Murphy is still alive :-)

No he's not, he died in 1990
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_A._Murphy,_Jr ;-)

> Why not put swap on LV also?

No major reason, but it means I still have swap available hen booting in
single mode without LVM. I can't see that I'd ever be so desperate for
disk space that I'd want to reduce swap. If I needed more I could always
add an LVM volume to swap. I suppose it would be tidier to put swap on LVM
too.


-- 
Neil Bothwick

Is it possible to be totally partial?

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Re: [gentoo-user] Re: about grub

[Neil Bothwick]

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Hello Thufir,

> On Sun, 08 Jul 2007 16:25:06 +0100, Neil Bothwick wrote:
> 
> 
> > [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs
> > I don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I
> > tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for
> > everything else.
> 
> Would you paste the output of fdisk -l or similar so I could see 
> concretely what you mean?

% fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1       60801   488384001    5  Extended
/dev/sda5               1         182     1461852   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6             183         237      441756   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda7             238       19689   156248158+  fd  Linux raid autodetect

sda5 is swap, sda6 is a RAID1 partition containing root, sda7 has the
LVM with everything else. 


-- 
Neil Bothwick

As a computer, I find your faith in technology amusing.

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Montag, 9. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Neil Bothwick:
> Hello Dirk Heinrichs,
>
> > > [*] On machines already set up with a separate /boot. On new installs
> > > I don't bother with a separate /boot, there's no real advantage, so I
> > > tend to stick with / (including /boot) swap and an LVM partition for
> > > everything else.
> >
> > What if you need to resize /?
>
> Since /usr, /var and /opt are on LVM, I can't see / increasing
> dramatically in size, and it's only 1/3 full now.

As I wrote, rare case.

> The alternative would 
> be to use a separate /boot and mess around with initramfs images to
> load / from LVM, which is extra hassle and another potential point of
> failure.

Want my scripts? ;-)

> > Why not put swap on LV also?
>
> No major reason, but it means I still have swap available hen booting in
> single mode without LVM.

AFAIK LV's are available in single mode.

> I suppose it would be tidier to put swap on LVM too.

In the end, it's a matter of personal taste, I guess. I like to have it as 
flexible as possible. :-)

Bye...

	Dirk
-- 
Dirk Heinrichs          | Tel:  +49 (0)162 234 3408
Configuration Manager   | Fax:  +49 (0)211 47068 111
Capgemini Deutschland   | Mail: dirk.heinrichs@capgemini.com
Wanheimerstraße 68      | Web:  http://www.capgemini.com
D-40468 Düsseldorf      | ICQ#: 110037733
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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Neil Bothwick]

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On Mon, 9 Jul 2007 10:41:05 +0200, Dirk Heinrichs wrote:

> > The alternative would 
> > be to use a separate /boot and mess around with initramfs images to
> > load / from LVM, which is extra hassle and another potential point of
> > failure.  
> 
> Want my scripts? ;-)

I'd be interested to see them, although I like the idea of not depending
on an initrd. As I no longer run a separate /boot, it wouldn't reduce my
partition count either.

> > > Why not put swap on LV also?  
> >
> > No major reason, but it means I still have swap available when booting
> > in single mode without LVM.  
> 
> AFAIK LV's are available in single mode.
> 
> > I suppose it would be tidier to put swap on LVM too.  
> 
> In the end, it's a matter of personal taste, I guess. I like to have it
> as flexible as possible. :-)

It's not something I'd really given any thought. Now you mention it, I'd
probably put swap on LVM next time.

Still, my current setup means I can expand / by switching swap to LVM
and adding the space to / :)


-- 
Neil Bothwick

Does fuzzy logic tickle?

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Dirk Heinrichs]

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Am Montag, 9. Juli 2007 schrieb ext Neil Bothwick:
> On Mon, 9 Jul 2007 10:41:05 +0200, Dirk Heinrichs wrote:
> > > The alternative would
> > > be to use a separate /boot and mess around with initramfs images to
> > > load / from LVM, which is extra hassle and another potential point of
> > > failure.
> >
> > Want my scripts? ;-)
>
> I'd be interested to see them, although I like the idea of not depending
> on an initrd. As I no longer run a separate /boot, it wouldn't reduce my
> partition count either.

I see. What I do is to embed the initramfs into the kernel image. Works fine 
as long as everything you need to setup / is compiled into the kernel 
statically. There's also one scenario where separating / and /boot has a 
clear advantage: Laptops with complete HD encryption. The only partition 
you can leave unencrypted is the small /boot, everything else can be 
encrypted (which means, you only need the passphrase for the / volume, 
everything else can be unlocked via keyfiles stored on this 
partition/volume. In this case you need an intrd/intramfs (the latter is 
far easier to handle) anyway and can put / on an LV.

Oh, my scripts will reach you soon.

Bye...

	Dirk
-- 
Dirk Heinrichs          | Tel:  +49 (0)162 234 3408
Configuration Manager   | Fax:  +49 (0)211 47068 111
Capgemini Deutschland   | Mail: dirk.heinrichs@capgemini.com
Wanheimerstraße 68      | Web:  http://www.capgemini.com
D-40468 Düsseldorf      | ICQ#: 110037733
GPG Public Key C2E467BB | Keyserver: www.keyserver.net

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Re: [gentoo-user] about grub

[Neil Bothwick]

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On Tue, 10 Jul 2007 07:49:50 +0200, Dirk Heinrichs wrote:

> I see. What I do is to embed the initramfs into the kernel image.

Ah yes, I'd forgotten about that option.

> Works
> fine as long as everything you need to setup / is compiled into the
> kernel statically. There's also one scenario where separating /
> and /boot has a clear advantage: Laptops with complete HD encryption.
> The only partition you can leave unencrypted is the small /boot,
> everything else can be encrypted (which means, you only need the
> passphrase for the / volume, everything else can be unlocked via
> keyfiles stored on this partition/volume.

That's a very good point, although I have /home and swap encrypted, being
able to encrypt /etc would be useful, especially on my laptop.

> Oh, my scripts will reach you soon.

Got them, thanks. I'll take a look later.


-- 
Neil Bothwick

Sussh. Be vewwy quiet, I'm hunting tagwines. hahahahah.

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