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From: "Xavier Neys" <neysx@lark.gentoo.org>
Date: Wed, 31 Aug 2005 14:19:33 +0000
To: gentoo-doc-cvs@lists.gentoo.org
Subject: [gentoo-doc-cvs] cvs commit: gentoo-freebsd.xml
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neysx 05/08/31 14:19:33
Added: xml/htdocs/doc/en gentoo-freebsd.xml
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New doc from the G/FreeBSD team
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1.1 xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml
file : http://www.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup&cvsroot=gentoo
plain: http://www.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain&cvsroot=gentoo
Index: gentoo-freebsd.xml
===================================================================
<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml,v 1.1 2005/08/31 14:19:33 neysx Exp $ -->
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml">
<title>A short guide to Gentoo/FreeBSD</title>
<author title="Author">
<mail link="ignacio.arquelatour@gmail.com">Ignacio Arque-Latour</mail>
</author>
<author title="Author">
<mail link="citizen428@gentoo.org">Michael Kohl</mail>
</author>
<author title="Author">
Otavio R. Piske
</author>
<author title="Author">
<mail link="ka0ttic@gentoo.org">Aaron Walker</mail>
</author>
<abstract>
This document gives some general information on FreeBSD, as well as
installation instructions for Gentoo/FreeBSD. It also includes some reference
for people interested in helping out with development.
</abstract>
<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
<license/>
<version>1.0</version>
<date>2005-08-31</date>
<chapter>
<title>Introduction to FreeBSD</title>
<section>
<title>What is FreeBSD?</title>
<body>
<p>
<uri link="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</uri> is a free (<uri
link="http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html">license</uri>)
Unix-like operating system. Back in 1993 when development of <uri
link="http://www.386bsd.org/">386BSD</uri> stopped, two projects were born:
<uri link="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</uri>, commonly known to run on a
huge number of architetures, and FreeBSD which focuses mainly on the x86
platform. FreeBSD is renowned for its stability, performance and security, thus
being used from small to huge companies all over the world. FreeBSD's current
production release version is 5.4, which is also used as the foundation for the
Gentoo/FreeBSD project.
</p>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>What is Gentoo/FreeBSD?</title>
<body>
<p>
Gentoo/FreeBSD is an effort effort to provide a fully-capable FreeBSD operating
system with Gentoo's design sensibilities. The long-term goal of the Gentoo/BSD
project is to allow users to choose any combination of *BSD or Linux kernels,
*BSD or GNU libc, and *BSD or GNU userland tools.
</p>
</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>FreeBSD and Linux</title>
<body>
<p>
Users migrating from Linux to FreeBSD commonly consider the two operating
systems "almost the same". In fact, FreeBSD really shares a lot of similarities
with Linux distributions in general. Nevertheless, it has some key differences
that are worth noting:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Contrary to Linux, which actually only refers to the kernel, FreeBSD is a
complete operating system, consisting of a C library, userland tools and
much more. This development approach makes the overall system very
consistent
</li>
<li>
Contrary to the Linux kernel, FreeBSD development is not led by one person,
but instead managed by a small group of people called the <uri
link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributors/staff-core.html">Core
Team</uri>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Besides, FreeBSD also has some technical differences which set it apart
from Linux. Some of them are very important to know, even if you don't plan on
joining the Gentoo/FreeBSD development effort:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
To get run-time dynamic linking fuctions like <c>dlopen()</c>, programs do
not need to be linked against libdl like on GNU/Linux. Instead they are
linked against libc
</li>
<li>
FreeBSD doesn't have an official tool for kernel compilation, thus you'll
have to resolve feature dependecies on your own
</li>
<li>
FreeBSD uses UFS/UFS-2 as its filesystems and has no official support for
e.g. ReiserFS or XFS. However, there are projects for adding read-only
support for these filesystems. However, accessing ext2/ext3 partitions is
already possible, but you cannot install your system on them.
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Installing Gentoo/FreeBSD</title>
<section>
<title>Installation instructions</title>
<body>
<p>
After this short introduction, it's about time to finally install
Gentoo/FreeBSD. Unfortunately, we currently lack our own installation media, so
you have to choose between two alternative installation methods. The first
would be to use an existing FreeBSD installation to partition your hard drive
and use it as a base for installing Gentoo/FreeBSD. Alternatively, you can also
use the excellent <uri link="http://www.freesbie.org/">FreeSBIE LiveCD</uri> as
an installation medium for Gentoo/FreeBSD.
</p>
<p>
Before you can begin with the installation, you have to setup a hard disk for
use with Gentoo/FreeBSD. This can either be done via <c>sysinstall</c>
(available from a current FreeBSD installation as well as from within FreeSBIE)
or by manually using the commands <c>fdisk</c>, <c>disklabel</c> and
<c>newfs</c>. If you have never set up a FreeBSD system before,
<c>sysinstall</c> may be the better option for you. If you face difficulties
while partitioning or formatting your hard disks, have a look at the great
<uri link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">FreeBSD
Handbook</uri> or hop onto <c>#gentoo-bsd</c> on the Freenode IRC server.
</p>
<p>
Once you're done setting up your disks, you have to create a mount point for
your Gentoo/FreeBSD installation and mount all the necessary partitions.
</p>
<pre caption="Creating a mount point and mounting partitions">
# <i>mkdir /mnt/gfbsd</i>
<comment>(Replace X with the correct numbers for your hard disk.)</comment>
# <i>mount /dev/adXsXa /mnt/gfbsd</i>
</pre>
<p>
Now that you have mounted the target partition, it is time to fetch and unpack
a stage3 tarball.
</p>
<pre caption="Obtaining and unpacking a stage3 tarball">
<comment>(Any other Gentoo mirror which includes the experimental/ directory will also work.)</comment>
# <i>wget http://gentoo.osuosl.org/experimental/x86/freebsd/stage3-x86-fbsd-20050811.tar.bz2</i>
# <i>cp stage3-x86-fbsd-20050811.tar.bz2 /mnt/gfbsd/</i>
# <i>cd /mnt/gfbsd/</i>
# <i>tar -jxvpf stage3-x86-fbsd-20050811.tar.bz2</i>
<comment>(You can delete the tarball with the following command if you want to.)</comment>
# <i>rm stage3-x86-fbsd-20050811.tar.bz2</i>
</pre>
<p>
In order for your install to work, you need to mount the <path>/dev</path>
filesystem from the currently running system into the Gentoo/FreeBSD mount
point before proceeding with the chroot.
</p>
<pre caption="Mounting the /dev filesystem and chrooting">
# <i>mount -t devfs none /mnt/gfbsd/dev/</i>
# <i>chroot /mnt/gfbsd/ /bin/bash</i>
</pre>
<p>
Once inside the chroot you have to obtain a copy of the Gentoo/FreeBSD overlay.
If you are not a Gentoo developer, you can get it from the mirror provided by
<mail link="carpaski@gentoo.org">Nick Jones</mail>. Theoretically, you could
put this overlay in any directory you like, but from now on we will just assume
that you have downloaded it to <path>/usr/local/portage/gentoo-freebsd</path>.
</p>
<pre caption="Getting the Gentoo/FreeBSD portage overlay">
# <i>cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@zarquon.twobit.net:/var/cvsroot -q -z9 co -R gentoo-projects/bsd/fbsd/</i>
</pre>
<p>
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